Bhagwan Mahadev, also known as Shiva, Shambu, Bholenath, and Rudra, holds the title of ‘Devon ke Dev’ within the Hindu trinity. He is revered in both Linga (symbolic form) and Vigraha (physical form), with the former being more predominant. Hindu Dharma is known for its flexibility and liberal nature.

Despite the existence of various schools of thought within Hindu Dharma, they all acknowledge the unity of the Supreme Being. Individuals are free to choose the spiritual path that resonates with them the most. One can worship Ishwara in Sagun (with form, such as a Murti) or Nirgun (formless, often meditated upon by evolved beings like Maharishis) form.

One symbol that is often misunderstood is the Shivalinga. Contrary to popular belief, it does not represent a phallus. If that were the case, the Rishis and Maharishis, who fearlessly explore all subjects and did not consider any subject taboo, would have openly acknowledged it. It is a gross error to equate Bhagwan Mahadev’s symbol with a phallus, as most proponents of Hindu Dharma state.

Reading between the lines

There is often more to life than simple black-and-white distinctions; it exists within the many shades of grey. Similarly, many aspects of Hindu Dharma are symbolic, and those who understand the symbolism behind rituals have truly grasped the essence of spiritual progress. Linga, a Sanskrit word meaning ‘symbol’ or ‘mark,’ refers to Bhagwan Shiva’s mark. It signifies the omnipresence of Bhagwan Shiva, who resides within all of us. The purpose of an external or physical symbol is to assist a sadhak (seeker) in directing their energies towards self-realization.

Explaining the Linga

The Shivalinga consists of three parts, each corresponding to one of the trinities. The lowest part is the Brahma-Peetha, connected to creation (Srishti). The middle part is the Vishnu-Peetha, associated with preservation (Stithi). The topmost part, the cylindrical portion above the Vishnu-Peetha, is the Shiva-Peetha, representing dissolution (Samhara).

The Rudra or Shiva-Peetha symbolizes Tamas Guna, indicating self-spin and movement, while the Vishnu-Peetha represents Rajas Guna, signifying dynamic and active qualities. The Brahma-Peetha represents Sattva Guna, denoting calm and peaceful existence. Some scholars consider the middle flat part as the Yoni and the rising cylinder as the Phallus, connecting it with reproduction. The Yoni stands for female regenerative power and hence is connected with Devi Shakti. However, this interpretation emerged in the post-Vedic Age.

Science behind Shivalinga

Shivalinga symbolizes both the creative and destructive powers of Devadidev Mahadev, signifying his timeless nature. Beyond its religious significance, the Shivalinga holds scientific symbolism as well. It represents the totality of the Cosmos, often depicted as a cosmic egg (Brahmanda). The spherical or ellipsoidal shape of an egg, with no beginning or end, resembles the concept of Shivalinga.

Moreover, according to scientific understanding, the world originated from the formation of molecules, which are composed of atoms. These atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons, aligning with the fundamental elements of the Shivalinga. Although our sages may not have used these scientific terms, the interpretations indicate a parallel between Hindu philosophy and modern physics.

Additionally, we are aware of the fact that as per science the world came into existence with the formation of molecules. We also know that molecules are made of atoms which consist of protons, neutrons and electrons which form the basic premise of Shivalinga as well. The behaviour of Protons, Neutrons, Electrons and energy correspond to Vishnu, Mahesh, Brahma Peethas and Shakti respectively. Suffice it here to say that Hindu philosophy and theories conform with modern physics. Although our sages may not have used these scientific terms, the interpretations make it clear the direction we must think.

A symbol of faith

Hindu concepts encompass both scientific and spiritual aspects, even if the ordinary person may not grasp the scientific significance behind the rituals they follow. It is when we transcend materialistic pursuits that we enter the realm of the Rishis. With that being said, Devadidev Mahadev is perhaps the simplest of all deities and the easiest to please. There are no rigid rules in worshipping Him. Wholehearted devotion is all that is required to seek Bhagwan Mahadev’s grace.